Prologue 1Chapter 1 Brains and Minds 9
1.1 The origin and growth of introspection 9
1.2 Artificial intelligence (AI) and cognition 11
1.3 Brain studies in the material world 13
1.4 Medicine, philosophy, and intentionality 15
1.5 The growth of modern neuroscience 19
1.6 Too many brain data with inadequate metaphysics 22
1.7 A fresh start based in nonlinear dynamics 24
1.8 Summary 26
Chapter 2 Nerve Energy and Neuroactivity 27
2.1 Dynamics and Descartes 27
2.2 The reflex as an input-output relation 30
2.3 Nerve energy replaces vis nervorum 31
2.4 Fields of nerve energy 33
2.5 Information replaces nerve energy 34
2.6 Extension of brain theory to the quantum level 36
2.7 Neuropil, Neuroactivity, and the "new laws" 38
2.8 Neuroactivity and neurodynamics 42
2.9 Summary 43
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception 44
3.1 Remarks on the use of dynamics 44
3.2 Input-output of neurons: Forward transmission 46
3.3 Neuron populations: Feedback transmission 48
3.4 Transfers of activity across hierarchical levels 49
3.5 Observation, analysis at the microscopic level 53
3.6 Observation,analysis at the macroscopic level 56
3.7 Distinguishing reception and perception 58
3.8 Neural mechanism of read-out of bulbar patterns 60
3.9 Modeling neural dynamics from pulses and EEGs 61
3.10 Basin-attractor theory 62
3.11 Implications of neurodynamics for solipsism 66
3.12 Summary 67
Chapter 4 Intention and Movement 68
4.1 Brain architectures 69
4.2 The architecture of intention 71
4.3 Objective orientation in space and time 75
4.4 The limbic system 77
4.5 Subjective orientation in space and time 80
4.6 Reafference and motor control 83
4.7 The reticular formation and arousal 87
4.8 Communication between brains 89
4.9 Summary 92
Chapter 5 Intentional Structure and Thought 93
5.1 Classification by multivariate statistics 93
5.2 Context dependence and pattern variability 96
5.3 Other aspects of Neuroactivity and behavior 97
5.4 Forced state transitions and cortical itinerancy 99
5.5 Neural activity patterns and representations 101
5.6 Continuous versus discrete operations: Graining 103
5.7 Thoughts and idols 105
5.8 Age, rigidity, and wisdom in brain function 108
5.9 Summary 110
Chapter 6 Learning and Unlearning 111
6.1 Learning and self-organization 111
6.2 The neural basis for learning 112
6.3 Artificial neural networks and digital computers 114
6.4 Arousal, motivation, and reinforcement 117
6.5 Isolation, unlearning, and pair bonding 120
6.6 Conversion and social bonding 123
6.7 Function and malfunction in unlearning 125
6.8 Dance as the biotechnology of group formation 129
6.9 Summary 134
Chapter 7 Self and Society 135
7.1 Consciousness 135
7.2 The self-organizing self 140
7.3 Self, reafference, and causality 143
7.4 The social utility of self and cause 145
7.5 The qualia of learning and unlearning 148
7.6 Spiritual leaders and psychedelic tourists 151
7.7 Summary 154
Epilogue 155Notes 159
2.1 Information theory applied to arrays of neurons 159
2.2 Ecological maps of affordance and effectivity 159
2.3 The "quality of understanding" in Roger Penrose 160
2.4 Neural activity versus Neuroactivity 161
3.1 The theory of measurement in neurobiology 161
3.2 Peripheral versus central "codes" 162
3.3 Quantitative relations between pulses and waves 162
3.4 Population pulse-wave relations:Sigmoid curve 163
3.5 Further comments on the binding hypothesis 163
3.6 Surgical, pharmacological analysis of olfaction 164
3.7 Macroscopic activity in multi-pulse recordings 165
3.8 Theories of olfaction: The utility of oscillation 165
3.9 Chaos, randomness, noise: Digital determinism 166
3.10 Anomalous dispersion: A means of phase locking 167
4.1 Neuropil in the forebrain of salamanders 167
4.2 Maclean's Triune Brain: Reason versus emotion 168
4.3 Engrams, local storage, and Wilder Penfield 169
4.4 Range control in multisensory convergence 170
4.5 Sensory neglect, body image, phantom limb 170
4.6 Synesthesia: the complexity of cerebral cortex 171
4.7 "Deep structure": Chomsky versus Piaget 172
5.1 Three failed approaches to building brains 172
5.2 Stabilizing aperiodic cortical neural activity 172
5.3 Definitions of thought: Heidegger versus Piaget 173
6.1 An example of the value of music in society 174
7.1 A complement to the Turing test: Play games 175
7.2 Kinesthetics, 4-D geometry, and virtual reality 175
7.3 The madness of love: Shakespeare versus Plato 175
References and Author Index 177 Subject Index and Glossary 196